Which of the following interventions focuses on altering family dynamics in therapy?

Subgroup manipulation is an intervention that directly addresses family dynamics in therapy by focusing on altering the interactions and relationships between different members of the family system. This approach typically involves identifying and utilizing specific subgroups within the family to highlight dynamics that may be problematic or unhelpful. By shifting the focus to how subgroup interactions occur, a therapist can facilitate changes in communication patterns, power dynamics, and emotional connections among family members.

This technique is grounded in systemic and family therapy theories, which understand that issues often stem from the relationships and patterns formed within the family unit rather than solely from individual behaviors or issues. Through subgroup manipulation, therapists can help families visualize their dynamics, challenge entrenched roles, and create healthier patterns of interaction.

In contrast, historical analysis focuses on the exploration of a family's or individual’s past experiences and events, rather than directly altering present dynamics. Behavioral reinforcement, on the other hand, involves using rewards or consequences to influence specific behaviors, which may not sufficiently address the complexities of family interactions. Individual therapy sessions tend to concentrate on an individual's personal challenges and may not directly involve family dynamics unless family members are included in the therapy process. Thus, subgroup manipulation stands out as the most effective approach for directly altering family dynamics.